La Habana.- Un promedio de dos a tres horas de electricidad tendrán los 9,7 millones de cubanos este miércoles, según previsiones de la estatal Unión Eléctrica (UNE), que anticipa el mayor apagón en la historia reciente del país, dejando sin suministro eléctrico al 64 % del territorio.
El país caribeño atraviesa una profunda crisis energética desde hace dos años y esta situación se ha agravado desde enero debido al asedio petrolero de Estados Unidos. El Gobierno de la isla ha reconocido que la situación del Sistema Electroenergético Nacional (SEN) es «crítica».
Según un informe emitido hoy por UNE, dependiente del Ministerio de Energía y Minas, en La Habana los apagones alcanzan desde hace más de un mes las 20 horas continuas diariamente, lo que ha avivado el descontento social y se han reportado protestas pacíficas, quemas de basura en las calles y caceroladas en varios municipios de la capital cubana.
La UNE prevé para el horario de mayor demanda (tarde-noche) de este miércoles una capacidad de generación de 1,175 megavatios (MW) y una demanda máxima de 3,200 MW. De esta forma -la diferencia entre oferta y demanda- será de 2.025 MW y la afectación estimada -lo que se desconectará realmente para evitar apagones desordenados- alcanzará los 2,055 MW.
La crisis energética cubana se explica por la conjunción de un factor estructural, un sistema energético profundamente obsoleto, y un elemento coyuntural, el bloqueo petrolero iniciado en enero por EE. UU.
Las obsoletas centrales termoeléctricas de Cuba, responsables del 40 % del mix, fueron construidas en su mayoría durante las décadas 60 y 70 del siglo pasado y, debido a un déficit crónico de inversiones y mantenimiento, sufren frecuentes averías.
Consecuencia de ello, en esta jornada, nueve de las 16 unidades de generación del país se mantienen sin aportar energía. Esta fuente se nutre de crudo nacional y no está afectada por el bloqueo petrolero estadounidense.
Otro 40 % del mix estaba a cargo de los motores de generación, pero esta fuente de energía precisa diésel y fueloil importado. La presión de EE. UU. obligó a pararlos por falta de combustible desde enero. El 20 % restante del mix energético cubano se obtiene de gas y fuentes renovables.
Diversos estudios independientes estiman que harían falta entre 8,000 y 10,000 millones de dólares para reflotar el sistema energético cubano.
La situación energética ha agravado la crisis económica en la isla. Cuba afrontará en este 2026 la contracción económica más profunda de la región, con un decrecimiento del 6,5 % de su Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), según estimaciones de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Cepal), a lo cual habría que sumar la caída acumulada de más de un 15 % entre 2020 y 2025.
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If I were grading sites on this topic this one would receive high marks, and a stop at strongharbor continued earning those high marks, the informal grading I do mentally for content sources is something I take seriously even though it is informal and this site has been receiving consistent high marks across multiple sessions today.
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Most blog writing on this subject reaches for the same handful of arguments and this post avoided them, and a look at visualvoyage continued the original treatment, content that finds its own path through territory other writers have flattened is content with real authorial energy and this site has plenty of that distinctive energy.
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Now realising this site has been quietly doing good work for longer than I knew, and a look at datamonarch suggested an archive worth exploring, sites with deep archives of consistent quality represent a different kind of resource than sites with viral hits and this one looks like the durable kind based on what I see.